THE 
                        COFFEE GRINDER-DOSER
                        
                        Coffee grinder-doser, "macinino" in familiar 
                        Italian speaking, must be carefully cleaned after a long 
                        day of use, in order to remove the natural coffee oils 
                        that stick inside the bell and go rancid very fast.
                        The cleaning of the bell require soap and water; it's 
                        good to remind that the coffee is hygroscopic, that is 
                        it absorbs all surrounding smells if exposed for a certain 
                        time.
                        
                        Depending on coffee daily consumption, grinders must be 
                        substitute:
                         Every 12 months, for 1 Kg consumption per day;
                         Every 6/7 months, for 2/3 Kg consumption per day;
                         Every 3/4 months, for 4/7 Kg consumption per day.
                        
                        It's necessary to grind only the bare essentials of coffee 
                        (200/300 g. per time), in order not to overheat grinders. 
                        Overheated and worn-out grinders make coffee natural oils 
                        emerge.
                        Pay specific attention to the right fineness of grinded 
                        seeds: for two small cups of espresso (30/35 cc per cup) 
                        we need 12/13 g. of powdered coffee, extraction time 30 
                        seconds).
                        The espresso must fall in the cup with a regular motion 
                        (called "rat tail way") in order to obtain a 
                        compact cream.
                        If extraction time is too long (thin coffee powder), the 
                        espresso will be cold and with a little cream; otherwise, 
                        if extraction time is too short (rough coffee powder), 
                        the cream will be white, less persistent and the espresso 
                        will turn out to be lacking.
                        So, close the grinders tight if coffee "runs" 
                        and enlarge them if it falls drop after drop. It's important 
                        to consider that the "macinino" adjustments 
                        even depend on environmental moisture (hygroscopic power, 
                        again). So, if it's necessary, the change can be made 
                        over and over again during the day.
                        
                        
                         FLAWS 
                        DUE TO THE WRONG USE OF THE COFFEE GRINDER-DOSER
                        
                         << 
                        Espresso